Abstract
A revolutionary concept for advanced spacecraft power and propulsion has been developed which utilizes high temperature thermionic energy conversion devices for the conversion of solar energy to electrical energy. Preliminary studies were conducted to assess the benefits of the Integrated Solar Upper Stage (ISUS) concept and key components including a high temperature planar thermionic converter, have been tested and evaluated. The converter with a tungsten emitter, was performance mapped in an instrumented high vacuum chamber. The output power density at the design point of operation was about 6 watts/Sq. cm., corresponding to a current density of 6 amps/Sq. cm., and a converter output voltage of 0.8 Volts. Power densities were obtained at various cesium pressures. At higher offdesign temperatures the converter produced 12 watts/Sq. cm., while performing with minimal sensitivity to changes in cesium pressure in the range of 4 to 9 torr. The converter was tested for emitter temperatures in the range of 1750 K to 2400 K in order to conform to the ISUS requirements.
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