Abstract
Abstract Independent of glucose, ingestion of protein evokes an insulinotropic response due to enterogastric incretin hormones and hyperaminoacidemia. The aim of this study was to characterise insulin and incretin secretion in healthy young women (age 22.0 ± 1.2 y, n = 8) following acute ingestion of a milk based protein matrix (MPM) containing casein, whey protein and whey protein hydrolysates with in vitro dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitory activity. Following ingestion of 0.33 g protein/kg body mass, plasma insulin, glucose, glucagon, total glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), active glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), DPP-IV activity and amino acids were measured over a 3 h period. These biomarkers were also determined following ingestion of an isocaloric maltodextrin drink (MALT) in order to estimate the equivalent glucose-dependent response. Ingestion of MPM evoked ~50% of the insulin response obtained with MALT without hyperglycaemia. Time-dependent changes in plasma GIP, GLP-1 and amino acid levels indicated these factors were probably regulators of insulin secretion on MPM ingestion.
Highlights
The relative postprandial insulinotropic potency of different foods has theoretical and practical significance
Independent of post-ingestion time, the mean of individual’s maximum plasma insulin concentration (Cmax) response to milk protein matrix (MPM) reached 66% of the response to maltodextrin drink (MALT) (318 ± 62 vs. 483 ± 60 pM; P = 0.10) which occurred earlier compared to MALT (16.9 ± 1.9 vs. 26.3 ± 2.5 min; P = 0.025) (Fig. 1B)
Relative to the basal value, the ΔCmax in insulin response to MPM attained 60% of that induced by MALT (243 ± 65 vs. 413 ± 58 pM; P = 0.09)
Summary
The relative postprandial insulinotropic potency of different foods has theoretical and practical significance. Earlier (Power, Hallihan, & Jakeman, 2009) and more recent (Giezenaar et al, 2018) studies demonstrate a variable, age-related insulinotropic response to ingestion of milk protein in the absence of postprandial glycaemia. It is evident, that different proteins differ in their insulinotropic response. Modification of the protein, for example by hydrolysis, prior to ingestion may augment the postprandial insulin response (Koopman et al, 2009; Power et al, 2009)
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