Abstract
Whether for identification and characterization of materials or for monitoring of the environment, space-based hyperspectral instruments are very useful. Hyperspectral instruments measure several dozens up to hundreds of spectral bands. These data help to reconstruct the spectral properties like reflectance or emission of Earth surface or the absorption of the atmosphere, and to identify constituents on land, water, and in the atmosphere. There are a lot of possible applications, from vegetation and water quality up to greenhouse gas monitoring. But the actual number of hyperspectral space-based missions or hyperspectral space-based data is limited. This will be changed in the next years by different missions. The German Aerospace Center (DLR) Earth Sensing Imaging Spectrometer (DESIS) is one of the new currently existing space-based hyperspectral instruments, launched in 2018 and ready to reduce the gap of space-born hyperspectral data. The instrument is operating onboard the International Space Station, using the Multi-User System for Earth Sensing (MUSES) platform. The instrument has 235 spectral bands in the wavelength range from visible (400 nm) to near-infrared (1000 nm), which results in a 2.5 nm spectral sampling distance and a ground sampling distance of 30 m from 400 km orbit of the International Space Station. In this article, the design of the instrument will be described.
Highlights
Hyperspectral remote sensing combines the benefits from remote sensing and spectroscopy.By measurements of several dozens up to hundreds of spectral bands, physical properties like reflectance, emission, or absorption of material can be characterized
The optics system relies on metal-based mirrors and is designed as an athermal configuration for a wide temperature ranges onboard the International Space Station (ISS)
The interface between the Multi-User System for Earth Sensing (MUSES) platform and all subsystems of DESIS is controlled by the Instrument Control Unit (ICU)
Summary
Hyperspectral remote sensing combines the benefits from remote sensing and spectroscopy. Hyperspectral surveys have become a standard for semi-quantitative and quantitative assessments of land surface properties They are typically working in a spectral range of 400 nm to 2500 nm, covering the visible, near-infrared, and shortwave infrared spectral range. Since the 2000s, space-based hyperspectral remote sensing instruments have been launched. The leading instrument in the context of the International Space Station (ISS) was the Hyperspectral Imager for Costal Ocean (HICO) [15], operating from 2009 to 2015. It proved the capability of the ISS for Earth observation. In comparison to sun synchronous orbits, the illumination conditions are different for each orbit This is very challenging for atmospheric correction algorithms. Effort and cost for the development and operation in space of the instruments can be extremely reduced by using the ISS infrastructure to outweigh these disadvantages
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