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Abstract
We present in this work a first assessment of the imaging and topographic mapping capabilities of the InSAeS4 system, which is a single-pass interferometric airborne X-Band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR). In particular, we first provide a brief description of the InSAeS4 sensor. Then, we discuss the results of our analysis on the SAR and interferometric SAR products relevant to the first flight-test campaign. More specifically, we have exploited as reference the GPS measurements relevant to nine Corner Reflectors (CRs) deployed over the illuminated area during the campaign and a laser scanner Digital Elevation Model (DEM). From the analysis carried out on the CRs we achieved a mean geometric resolution, for the SAR products, of about 0.14 m in azimuth and 0.49 m in range, a positioning misalignment with standard deviation of 0.07 m in range and 0.08 m in azimuth, and a height error with standard deviation of 0.51 m. From the comparison with the laser scanner DEM we estimated a height error with standard deviation of 1.57 m.
Highlights
Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Interferometry (InSAR) is a well-known technique that allows the generation of the Digital Elevation Model (DEM) of an area through the exploitation of the phase difference between SAR data pairs relevant to the same observed scene and received from slightly different view angles [1,2].SAR sensors can be mounted on satellites, space-shuttles, airplanes, helicopters and ground stations
The current TanDEM-X mission [4] exploits two satellite platforms to form a single-pass configuration aimed at obtaining a worldwide product with resolution higher than that of the SRTM DEM
DEMs are typically generated with low frequency systems, such as the P-Band OrbiSAR one [10], which employ wavelengths that are quite large if compared with the typical positioning errors of the modern navigation units
Summary
Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Interferometry (InSAR) is a well-known technique that allows the generation of the Digital Elevation Model (DEM) of an area through the exploitation of the phase difference (interferogram) between SAR data pairs relevant to the same observed scene and received from slightly different view angles [1,2]. Differently from the spaceborne case, the generation of repeat-pass airborne InSAR products is not a turn of the crank procedure This is due to the platform deviations from a rectilinear, reference flight track. In the repeat-pass airborne InSAR systems, the residual MOCO errors may severely impair the accuracy of the final interferograms, especially when high frequency systems (namely, operating from C- to Ka-bands) are employed. DEMs are typically generated with low frequency systems, such as the P-Band OrbiSAR one [10], which employ wavelengths that are quite large if compared with the typical positioning errors of the modern navigation units To this regard, it is stressed that low frequency systems may hardly work in a single-pass airborne configuration.
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