Abstract
Reconsidering the intrinsic connection between simple liquids and the glass transition, we attempt to understand them with an explicit liquid model. Liquids are defined to the mixture composed of tiny particles restricted in non-identical potential energy wells, where translational motions of tiny particles in statistical equilibrium, as well as vibrations and rotations, are distinguished. The liquid model offers an opportunity to build up a quantitative correlation between heat capacity and the basic motions appearing in liquids. Agreements between theoretical prediction and experimental data on heat capacities of typical simple liquids are reached. A serial of experimental data confirm that the glass transition originates from the falling out-of-equilibrium of the translational motions in liquids. The work might provide a novel and intuitive way to uncover a shady corner of the mysterious liquids and the glass transition.
Highlights
Liquids are of vital importance for physics and chemistry, technology, and for life
For an ideal solid or a perfect crystal, idealized model offers that tiny particles composing the matters execute only small vibrations around certain equilibrium position, e.g., the crystal lattice sites
For the ideal gas, idealized model tells us that each tiny particle without any interactions moves translationally throughout the volume in which it is contained
Summary
Liquids are of vital importance for physics and chemistry, technology, and for life. This phenomenon, termed as the glass transition, is one of the deepest theoretical problems in current condensed matter physics.[11] A puzzling basic dynamic feature related to the glass transition is that for most liquids only with few exceptions the temperature dependence of the structural relaxation time τ is non-Arrhenius as temperature decreases approaching to Tg.[8,12] Arrhenius fitting of τ requires that activation energy increases with decreasing temperature and appears to become infinite at a nonzero temperature T0 It can not be explained by the normal rate theory with a constant energy barrier for any tiny particle to be overcome in the structural rearrangement. The result might offer a novel way to reveal a shady corner of the mysterious liquids and the glass transition
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