Abstract
The interpersonal relationship among the coach, athlete, and parent (C-A-P) in youth sports is a complex and dynamic phenomenon. The evaluation of such interpersonal relationship becomes an important factor in trying to understand the overall youth sports environment. The purpose of this study was to begin the development of a questionnaire to assess the coach-athlete–parent interpersonal relationships in youth sports. To achieve our purpose, two qualitative studies were conducted. In the first qualitative study, 136 research participants completed an online questionnaire asking for statements concerning the C-A-P based on an extensive literature review. In the second phase, a follow up phenomenological study design was conducted. For the phenomenological study, 30 participants (10 coaches, 10 athletes, and 10 youth sports parents) completed in-depth interviews. Based on both qualitative study results, the following three themes emerged: group processes, motivation, and over-involvement. The two qualitative investigations revealed themes and 48 potential questions to be used in developing a C-A-P questionnaire in quantifying the C-A-P results.
Highlights
Grounded in attachment theory, the athletic triad concept provides a unique psychological framework and explains the importance of interpersonal relationships between athletic members [1]
Three major themes emerged in relation to coach, athlete, and parent interpersonal relationships in youth sports: group processes, motivation, and over-involvement
The three key themes that emerged will be presented in quantitative data, which would enable the development of a reliable and valid C-A-P questionnaire for measuring the coach, athlete, and parent interpersonal relationships
Summary
The athletic triad (coach–athlete–parent, C-A-P) concept provides a unique psychological framework and explains the importance of interpersonal relationships between athletic members [1]. First presented by Bowlby [2], attachment theory represents a framework that has contributed significantly to the understanding of the emotional bonds that are formed in early relationships [2,3,4,5]. Attachment theory states that the psychological and behavioral effects of the early parent–child relationship will affect the development of close relationships with other people in the future [2,3]. In relation to the sports environment, the investigation by Carr [6] was an important first step in understanding the manner in which adolescents’ internal working models of attachment relate to their friendship quality in the context of youth sport. The quality of interpersonal relationships between the parent and the child strongly depends on the quality of interpersonal relationships created in early childhood
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