Abstract
Baccharis trimera is used in folk medicine as a tea for digestive and liver diseases. It possesses anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties that are related to the presence of phenolic compounds. The aim of this work was to investigate the anti-proliferative properties of phenolic (PHE) and terpenoid (SAP) compounds from B. trimera on human cervical cancer. The treatment of SiHa cells with PHE for 24 h suppressed colony formation in a dose-dependent manner, inhibited proliferation and inhibited cell motility. Although SAP inhibited the proliferation of SiHa cells in a dose-dependent manner, it increased colony formation and did not inhibit cell motility. PHE and SAP also promoted a significant increase in lactate dehydrogenase levels in the culture medium in a dose-dependent manner, indicating a loss of cell membrane integrity. Moreover, PHE promoted necrotic cell death, whereas SAP induced apoptosis. These compounds are new anticancer prototypes due their significant anticancer activity demonstrated herein.
Highlights
Cervical cancer is an important public health problem worldwide [1] due to the variable efficacy of available treatments, possibility of recurrence, high cost of care and a number of side effects with great influence on a patient’s quality of life
These results indicate that phenolic and terpenoid compounds lead to cell death through different mechanisms of action
Among the polyphenols present in PHE [6,7,8], several studies have shown that compounds such as flavonoids induce cell death via apoptosis [15,22,23,24], and other work [13] has shown that quercetin induces necrosis and apoptosis in SSC-9 oral cancer cells
Summary
Cervical cancer is an important public health problem worldwide [1] due to the variable efficacy of available treatments, possibility of recurrence, high cost of care and a number of side effects with great influence on a patient’s quality of life. B. trimera present mainly saponins, among which echinocystic acid is the major aglycone [6,7,8]. Many biological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, analgesic, anti-hepatotoxic and muscle relaxant effects, have been ascribed to B. trimera [6,7,9,10]. Our previous studies have shown that the phenolic compounds (PHE, 15 mg/kg) of B. trimera exhibit anti-inflammatory activity using a pleurisy model in rats treated with carrageenan. Considering the anticancer activity of phenolic compounds, we chose to examine the effects of phenolic (PHE) and terpenoid (SAP) compounds derived from B. trimera on SiHa cells, a cervical cancer cell line
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