Abstract
Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum) has been established globally as a nutritionally important food item, particularly owing to high levels of bioactive compounds such as rutin. This study investigated the effect of tartary buckwheat extracts (TBEs) on adipogenesis and inflammatory response in 3T3-L1 cells. TBEs inhibited lipid accumulation, triglyceride content, and glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) activity during adipocyte differentiation of 3T3 L1 cells. The mRNA levels of genes involved in fatty acid synthesis, such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ), CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-α (CEBP-α), adipocyte protein 2 (aP2), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), fatty acid synthase (FAS), and stearoylcoenzyme A desaturase-1 (SCD-1), were suppressed by TBEs. They also reduced the mRNA levels of inflammatory mediators such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). In addition, TBEs were decreased nitric oxide (NO) production. These results suggest that TBEs may inhibit adipogenesis and inflammatory response; therefore, they seem to be beneficial as a food ingredient to prevent obesity-associated inflammation.
Highlights
Adipocytes play a central role in maintaining whole-body energy balance and lipid homeostasis by storing triglycerides (TGs) or releasing free fatty acids [1,2]
Rutin is a flavonol glycoside composed of quercetin and disaccharide rutinose (Figure 1) and is present in inmany manyplants, plants,including including buckwheat tartary buckwheat contains protocatechuic present buckwheat
Our results indicate that the mRNA levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ), CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-α (CEBP-α), adipocyte protein 2 (aP2), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), fatty acid synthase (FAS), and stearoylcoenzyme A desaturase-1 (SCD-1) decreased in cells treated with tartary buckwheat extracts (TBEs)-70 more so than those in cells treated with TBE-50
Summary
Adipocytes play a central role in maintaining whole-body energy balance and lipid homeostasis by storing triglycerides (TGs) or releasing free fatty acids [1,2]. Adipose tissue stores fat but is an important endocrine organ that secretes several physiologically active peptides, including inflammatory cytokines [5]. Particular, tartary higher flavonoid content, mainly rutin and quercetin, than common buckwheat [11,12]. Flavonoid content, mainly rutin and quercetin, than common buckwheat [11,12]. A recent study reported that rutin-rich tartary buckwheat showed and hypoglycemic [18] properties. A recent study reported that rutin-rich tartary buckwheat showed potential effects effects on on decreasing decreasing body body weight, weight, body body fat fat percentage, percentage, and and oxidative oxidative stress stress in in adult adult potential subjects [13]. The mechanism of tartary buckwheat extract involved in adipogenesis and inflammatory inflammatory response response remains remains unclear.
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