The inhibitory effect of choline and other quaternary ammonium compounds on thiamine transport in isolated rat hepatocytes

Abstract

Quaternary ammonium compounds, such as choline and acetylcholine significantly inhibited thiamine uptake in isolated rat hepatocytes. Kinetic analysis using Lineweaver-Burk and Dixon plots of inhibition experiments revealed that choline and acetylcholine were purely competitive inhibitors for thiamine uptake with K i values of 0.61 mM and 0.31 mM, respectively. Among quaternary ammonium compounds, hemicholinium-3 and curare were the strongest inhibitors, and kinetic studies showed that these compounds were also purely competitive inhibitors with K i values of 12.5 μM and 4.3 μM, respectively. These results indicate that choline, acetylcholine and their structural analogs share a common binding site with thiamine in isolated rat hepatocytes. On the other hand, choline uptake by isolated rat hepatocytes occurred by a saturable mechanism with a K t of 162 ± 3.85 μM and V max of 80.1 ± 1.30 pmol/10 5 cells per min as well as by a nonsaturable mechanism. Thiamine, pyrithiamine, oxythiamine, chloroethylthiamine and dimethialium inhibited choline uptake, while thiamine phosphates such as thiamine monophosphate and thiamine pyrophosphate insignificantly inhibited uptake. Although a Lineweaver-Burk plot of choline uptake in the presence of thiamine showed that thiamine also competitively inhibited choline uptake, a Dixon plot of the inhibition experiment was hyperbolic and indicated that the inhibition of choline uptake by thiamine was ‘pseudo-competitive’. On the basis of these results, it is suggested that in isolated rat hepatocytes thiamine and choline do not share common transport sites.