Abstract
BackgroundTo investigate the role of adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) on the production of interleukin (IL)-8, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, prostaglandin E2 and F2α induced by IL-1β in endometrial stromal cells (ESCs) following treatment with 5-aminoimidazole-4- carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR).MethodsEndometrial specimens were obtained and cultured. We examined the effects of IL-1β, IL-1 ra and AICAR on the production of IL-8, MCP-1, PGE2 and PGF2α in human ESCs. The phosphorylations of AMPK, IκB, 4EBP-1, p70S6K and S6 ribosomal protein were analyzed by Western immunoblotting.ResultsFollowing stimulation by IL-1β, the production of IL-8, MCP-1, PGE2 and PGF2α showed significant increases, and these increases were suppressed by AICAR. The expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) induced by IL-1β and suppressed by AICAR. The phosphorylation of IκB, 4EBP-1, p70S6K and S6 ribosomal protein were inhibited via an AMPK-dependent signal transduction.ConclusionsThe production of IL-8, MCP-1, PGE2 and PGF2α induced by IL-1β in ESCs were involved in the negative regulatory mechanisms of AMPK. The substances that activate AMPK may be promising agents for the treatment of pathological problems such as dysmenorrhea.
Highlights
Human endometrial stromal cells (ESCs) undergo morphologic and functional changes to provide the most suitable conditions for embryo implantation, which is regulated by several cytokines [1], polypeptide growth factors [2], steroid hormones, and eicosanoids including platelet-activating factor and prostaglandins (PGs) [3]
Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation was induced by AICARTo elucidate the role of AMPK in the ESCs, we examined the effects of aminoimidazole-4- carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR) on the phosphorylation of AMPK
We found that 1 mM AICAR activated AMPK time-dependently compared to the controls (Fig. 1A, B)
Summary
Human endometrial stromal cells (ESCs) undergo morphologic and functional changes to provide the most suitable conditions for embryo implantation, which is regulated by several cytokines [1], polypeptide growth factors [2], steroid hormones, and eicosanoids including platelet-activating factor and prostaglandins (PGs) [3]. The adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is an energy-sensing enzyme with a heterotrimeric complex that is believed to be implicated in the regulation of energy metabolism at the intracellular and whole-organ levels [6,7,8]. It is suspected that 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (ZMP) is converted from AICAR by adenosine kinase in the cells. To investigate the role of adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) on the production of interleukin (IL)-8, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, prostaglandin E2 and F2α induced by IL-1β in endometrial stromal cells (ESCs) following treatment with 5-aminoimidazole-4- carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR)
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