The Inhibitory Activity of Luzonicosides from the Starfish Echinaster luzonicus against Human Melanoma Cells.

Olesya S Malyarenko,Bokemeyer Carsten,Timofey V Malyarenko,Valentin A Stonik,Alla A Kicha,Von Amsberg Gunhild,Natalia V Ivanchina,Sergey A Dyshlovoy,Svetlana P Ermakova

doi:10.3390/md15070227

Abstract

Malignant melanoma is the most dangerous form of skin cancer, with a rapidly increasing incidence rate. Despite recent advances in melanoma research following the approval of several novel targeted and immuno-therapies, the majority of oncological patients will ultimately perish from the disease. Thus, new effective drugs are still required. Starfish steroid glycosides possess different biological activities, including antitumor activity. The current study focused on the determination of the in vitro inhibitory activity and the mechanism of action of cyclic steroid glycosides isolated from the starfish Echinaster luzonicus—luzonicoside A (LuzA) and luzonicoside D (LuzD)—in human melanoma RPMI-7951 and SK-Mel-28 cell lines. LuzA inhibited proliferation, the formation of colonies, and the migration of SK-Mel-28 cells significantly more than LuzD. Anti-cancer activity has been ascribed to cell cycle regulation and apoptosis induction. The molecular mechanism of action appears to be related to the regulation of the activity of cleaved caspase-3 and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), along with Survivin, Bcl-2, p21 and cyclin D1 level. Overall, our findings support a potential anti-cancer efficacy of luzonicosides A and D on human melanoma cells.

Highlights

All over the world, the incidence of malignant melanoma is higher than other cancers
® AQueous melanoma cells RPMI-7951 and SK-Mel-28 was evaluated by CellTiter 96
One Solution melanoma cells RPMI-7951 and SK-Mel-28 was evaluated by CellTiter 96® AQueous One Solution (MTS) assay

Summary

Introduction

The incidence of malignant melanoma is higher than other cancers. Despite the rapid progress in the diagnosis and treatment of different types of cancer, the prognosis for metastatic melanoma remains very limited. Natural compounds, especially of marine origin, have proved to have great potential in the prevention and therapy of serious diseases, including cancer [1]. Starfish are a notably rich source of structurally diverse polar steroid glycosides. On the basis of their chemical structures, starfish steroid glycosides may be subdivided into mono and biglycosides (rarely, triglycosides) of polyhydroxysteroids, oligoglycosides (known as asterosaponins), and rare glycosides with cyclic carbohydrate chains.

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