Abstract
Quantum mechanics is a cornerstone of our current understanding of nature and extremely successful in describing physics covering a huge range of scales. However, its interpretation remains controversial since the early days of quantum mechanics. What does a quantum state really mean? Is there any way out of the so-called quantum measurement problem? Here, we present an information-complete quantum theory (ICQT) and the trinary property of nature to beat the above problems. We assume that a quantum system’s state provides an information-complete description of the system in the trinary picture. We present a consistent formalism of quantum theory that makes the information-completeness explicitly and argue that conventional quantum mechanics is an approximation of the ICQT. We then show how our ICQT provides a coherent picture and fresh angle of some existing problems in physics. The computational content of our theory is uncovered by defining an information-complete quantum computer.
Highlights
On the contrary, the quantum measurement problem is perhaps the most controversial one on quantum foundations
Us, “questions concerning the foundations of quantum mechanics have been picked over so thoroughly that little meat is left” [14]. e discovery of Bell’s inequalities [19] and the emerging field of quantum information [28] might be among a few exceptions. e recent development of quantum information science sparks the information-theoretical understanding of quantum formalism [29–32]
We have presented an interpretationfree QT under the assumption that quantum states of physical systems represent an information-complete code of any possible information that one might access
Summary
How to acquire information and which kind of information to acquire are two questions of paramount importance. Entanglement (created by interaction), necessary and sufficient for acquiring information, is the measurement and the physical predictions of the theory as any possible information (the P-SA information and the programmed SA|P information) is completely encoded in the particular dual entanglement structure of the whole system. For the qubeing, all information (namely, all physical predictions) is encoded in dual entanglement via interaction, but not obtained via the usual quantum measurement with the unavoidable concept of the wave function collapse. E loss of the trinary picture of describing physical systems leads to the emergent dual Born rule, i.e., the probability description on which kind of observables to measure and on which eigenvalue of the observable to measure, due to, e.g., lack of full knowledge of the entire system in our ICQT. The conventional Born rule arises as a consequence of the sacrifice of information-complete description in the trinary picture; the sacrifice leads to a partial reality of physical system as described by conventional QT
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