Abstract
Soybean agglutinin (SBA) is a non-fiber carbohydrate-related protein and the main anti-nutritional factor that exists in soybean or soybean products. SBA possesses a specific binding affinity for N-glyphthalide-d-galactosamine or galactose and has a covalently linked oligosaccharide chain. SBA mediates negative effects on animal intestinal health by influencing the intestinal structure, barrier function, mucosal immune system, and the balance of the intestinal flora. Functional oligosaccharides are non-digestible dietary oligosaccharides that are commonly applied as prebiotics since the biological effects of the functional oligosaccharides are to increase the host health by improving mucosal structure and function, protecting the integrity of the intestinal structure, modulating immunity, and balancing the gastrointestinal microbiota. The purpose of this review is to describe the structure and anti-nutritional functions of SBA, summarize the influence of SBA and functional oligosaccharides on the intestinal tract of monogastric animals, and emphasize the relationship between SBA and oligosaccharides. This review provides perspectives on applying functional oligosaccharides for alleviating the anti-nutritional effects of SBA on the intestinal tract.
Highlights
Soybean agglutinin (SBA) is a major anti-nutritional factor that represents 5–7% of the soybean
The biological activity of SBA can be reduced by proper heating, a considerable quantity is still found
The intestines normally exhibit some permeability, which allows nutrients to pass through the gut while maintaining barrier function to keep potentially harmful substances from leaving the intestine and migrating to the body more widely [31]
Summary
Soybean agglutinin (SBA) is a major anti-nutritional factor that represents 5–7% of the soybean. Functional oligosaccharides can be fermented in the large intestine by indigenous bacteria and are preferably used by probiotic bacteria [9] They are commonly applied for many purposes, such as prebiotics, nutrients, feeds, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and immunostimulating agents [10]. These oligosaccharides have been found to be effective for the host’s well-being [11] by protecting the integrity of the intestinal structure, enhancing immunity, facilitating mineral absorption, improving gastrointestinal normal flora proliferation, and suppressing pathogens [12]. The paper shows the mitigating effects of functional oligosaccharides in the intestinal damage caused by SBA
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