Abstract
Landing-gear noise is an increasing issue for transport aircraft. A key determinant of the phenomenon is the surface pressure field. Previous studies have described this field when the oncoming flow is perfectly aligned with the gear. In practice, there may be a cross-flow component; here its influence is investigated experimentally for a generic, two-wheel, landing-gear model. It is found that yaw angles as small as 5° cause significant changes in both overall flow topology and unsteady surface pressures. Most notably, on the outboard face of the leeward wheel, large-scale separation replaces predominantly attached flow behind a leading-edge separation bubble. The effect on unsteady surface pressures includes marked shifts in the content at frequencies in the audible range, implying that yaw is an important parameter for landing-gear noise, and that purely unyawed studies may not be fully representative of the problem.
Highlights
Landing-gear noise is widely recognised as a significant contributor to the sound radiated by transport aircraft on approach
Computational techniques are routinely applied to the landing-gear noise problem; the LAGOON dataset has been the basis for significant validation efforts,[12,13,14,15,16,17] as has the Rudimentary Landing Gear (RLG).[19,20]
This paper has described the effect of yaw on wind-tunnel measurements of landing-gear surface pressures
Summary
Landing-gear noise is widely recognised as a significant contributor to the sound radiated by transport aircraft on approach. One strand of the literature, starting with the pioneering study of Heller and Dobrzynski,[2] has focussed on experimental noise measurements alone. Later instances of this approach assessed the benefits of various noise-reducing modifications.[3,4,5,6,7] other investigations[8,9,10] sought to understand the noise-generation process by elucidating the local flow field. Computational techniques are routinely applied to the landing-gear noise problem; the LAGOON dataset has been the basis for significant validation efforts,[12,13,14,15,16,17] as has the RLG.[19,20] the fundamental determinant of the noise radiated by the gear — the surface pressure field12,13 — is difficult to predict reliably, and this was the motivation behind the work described in Ref.[1]
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