Abstract
The inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) and the release of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) could normalize blood glucose levels in diabetic patients. This study evaluated the susceptibility of whey proteins to enzyme hydrolysis and the antidiabetic properties of protein hydrolysates from β-lactoglobulin (β-LG) and α-lactalbumin (α-LA) solutions compared with whey protein isolate (WPI) solution treated at different heating temperatures (65, 75, and 85 °C). α-LA hydrolysate provided the lowest degree of hydrolysis (DH). Those heating temperatures did not significantly affect the DH of all protein hydrolysates. α-LA hydrolysate significantly increased GLP-1 levels and DPP-IV inhibitory activity more than β-LG hydrolysate. WPI hydrolysate inhibited DPP-IV activity less than an α-LA hydrolysate, but they were no significant differences for GLP-1 release activity. Heat treatment could affect the antidiabetic properties of all protein hydrolysates. Heating at 75 °C resulted in greater inhibition of the activity of DPP-IV than at 65 and 85 °C. The highest increase in GLP-1 release was also observed by heating at 75 °C. The recently obtained information is useful for the utilization of α-LA, heated at 75 °C for 30 min, in the preparation of antidiabetic food supplements.
Highlights
Accepted: 11 March 2022Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease that is of worldwide concern
This study revealed that α-LA provided the least degree of hydrolysis (DH) of hydrolysate compared to β-LG and whey protein isolate (WPI)
All protein hydrolysates were harmless to HSG cells at a specific concentration, that is, 0.313 mg/mL
Summary
Accepted: 11 March 2022Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease that is of worldwide concern. The disease is characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. It severely impairs peoples’ quality of life, attributing to several life-threatening complications, including atherosclerosis, nephropathy, and retinopathy [1,2]. The current therapies for DM mainly include oral antidiabetic drugs and insulin. Some widely used drugs to treat DM patients are, for example, dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) inhibitors, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogs, metformin, sulfonylureas, and α-glucosidase inhibitors [3,4]. Continuous use of these drugs causes insulin resistance and side effects [1]. The demand for effective, nontoxic, and affordable drugs for DM patients has gained more attention, and natural alternative foods, for instance, milk proteins, have been used for such purposes
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