The influence of weather conditions on the qualitative characteristics of elite black currant berries’ forms of Federal Agrarian Scientific Center of the North-East breeding

Abstract

The studies were held on the experimental garden of N. V. Rudnitsky Federal Agrarian Scientific Center of the NorthEast in 2015-2018. The aim of research was to estimate the elite black currant forms according to biochemical composition and large-fruitiness in conditions of Kirov region and to reveal the sources of valuable traits. Nine elite black currant forms, 2013-year landing, breeding in Federal Agrarian Scientific Center of the North-East, and earlier transferred on State testing varieties Arcadia, Sapfir were the objects of research. The control variety was Vologda. Rregistrations, observations and biochemical analyzes were carried out according to generally accepted methods. The variability of weather conditions let us estimate their influence on qualitative berry composition of new elite black currant forms. As result of studying of elite black currant forms, the sources of features were identified: on large-fruitiness are 71-2-07 (Mortti x Chudnoe mgnovenye) and 64-4-07 (Chernovka x Karachinskaya) forms; on sugar content - 46-1-07 (Alivas x Chudnoe mgnovenye) form; on ascorbic acid is 27-3-07 form (the origin is not known). These genotypes are valuable as a source material for further breeding to increase the level of qualitative characteristics. Strong positive correlation of berry mass with rainfall during the period from May to July (r=0,86) and moisture index of growing season (r=0,85) was established. All studied elite forms were prominent by stability of dry solids storage (V=3,12-8,19 %). The storage of ascorbic acid is deeply connected with the sum of effective temperatures and mid temperature of July (r=0,95). A significant influence of weather conditions on content of ascorbic acid (V=23,08 %) was revealed. Strong positive correlation of total titrated acidity with the sum of rainfall in July (r=0,86) and moisture index of berry growing in July (r=0,93); strong negative connection with the sum of effective temperatures in vegetation growing period and crop ripening (r= -0,70) were shown. Middle positive correlation between sugar accumulation and middle air temperature in July was determined (r=0, 51). Weather conditions in ripening stage of berries had an important influence on sugar content (V=24, 98-52,96 %).