The Influence of Wearable Resistance Loading on Taekwondo Axe Kick Kinematics among Elite Taekwondo Athletes

Abstract

Wearable resistance (WR) is an alternative proposed to be used in training with the aim to increase sport performance by allowing specific movements to be performed with additional loading. Although the benefits of allowing more sport-specific movement are undeniable, studies conducted on the effects of this WR in Taekwondo sport are scarce. This study aims to determine the acute effects of WR loading on Taekwondo axe kick kinematics. Twenty-four (n=24) state-level taekwondo athletes were recruited and were required to perform axe kick in four conditions by wearing a WR suit on their thigh and shank. Four different loadings were attached at the suit; i) 3% of body mass (3WR), ii) 5% of body mass (5WR), iii) 8% of body mass (8WR) and iv) without load (0WR). During the movement, movement kinematics (maximum kick height, angle between thighs, range of motion (ROM) of hip, ROM of knee, duration of power load, maximum speed of ankle, duration of drive and total time were analyzed for both dominant and non-dominant leg. Cameras attached to motion analysis systems were used to record participant's kicking kinematics. The kinematics data obtained were compared between each loading condition. Results showed that only wearing WR of 3% body mass did not change the kinematics of kicking (except for maximum kick height) as without WR. Wearing WR of 5% and 8% body mass caused significant changes to the movement kinematics when compared to without WR. To conclude, this study has added the knowledge on the alternatives for resistance training that can be performed among Taekwondo athletes. Through the findings of this study, it was found that wearing WR of 3% body mass is suitable for athletes during training session as they can maintain their technical effectiveness while also increase stimulus for body to adapt in long term while a minimum of 5 % body mass might affect the kicking technical efficiency. It is suggested for chronic studies to be conducted to determine the long term effects of WR loadings on the kicking techniques efficiency.