Abstract
The influence of water concentration on the rates and yields in the dehydration of d-fructose to 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde (HMF) and in the rehydration of HMF to levulinic and formic acids at 95° has been studied by the addition of polyethylene glycol-600 (PG-600) to the reaction mixtures. Decrease of the water concentration highly increased the conversion rate of d-fructose, whereas that of HMF was slightly decreased, resulting in higher maximum concentrations of HMF from d-fructose. As compared with reactions in water, yields of levulinic acid were only slightly decreased at 40 vol. % PG-600 and halved at 70% PG-600.
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