Abstract
This study aimed to analyze the change of visual input on electromyographic patterns of masticatory and cervical spine muscles in subjects with myopia. After applying the inclusion criteria, 50 subjects (18 males and 32 females) with myopia ranging from −0.5 to −5.75 Diopters (D), were included in the study. Four muscle pairs were analyzed: the anterior part of the temporalis muscle (TA), the superficial part of the masseter muscle (MM), the anterior belly of the digastric muscle (DA), and the middle part of the sternocleidomastoid muscle belly (SCM) during resting and functional activity. Statistical analysis showed a significant decrease within functional indices (FCI) for the sternocleidomastoid muscle (FCI SCM R, FCI SCM L, FCI SCM total) during clenching in the intercuspal position with eyes closed compared to eyes open. During maximum mouth opening, a statistically significant increase of functional opening index for the left temporalis muscle (FOI TA L) was observed. Within the activity index (AcI), there was a statistically significant decrease during clenching on dental cotton rollers with eyes closed compared to eyes open.
Highlights
Observations linking the stomatognathic system to the organ of vision have been made; for example, myopia is more common in individuals with second class 1st division, while astigmatism is more characteristic in individuals with crossbite [6]
A statistically significant increase of Functional Opening (FOI) temporalis muscle (TA) L value was observed with eyes closed in comparison to eyes open
Closed eyes during sEMG examination are associated with a decrease in activity index values during clenching on dental cotton rollers, with a decrease within all functional clenching indices for sternocleidomastoid muscle during clenching in the intercuspal position, and with an increase of functional opening index within left temporalis muscle, in comparison to open eyes test
Summary
Within the activity index (AcI), there was a statistically significant decrease during clenching on dental cotton rollers with eyes closed compared to eyes open. It is estimated that 1.4 billion people had myopia in 2000 and this number is expected to reach 4. The global potential productivity loss associated with the burden of visual impairment in 2015 was estimated at 244 billion dollars due to uncorrected myopia [4]. It is well known that myopia is associated with several ocular complications such as retinal detachment, glaucoma, cataract, optic disc changes, and maculopathy [5]. Observations linking the stomatognathic system to the organ of vision have been made; for example, myopia is more common in individuals with second class 1st division, while astigmatism is more characteristic in individuals with crossbite [6].
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