Abstract
The environment can affect people’s health by relieving stress, and rural landscape as a special environment might influence human’s stress relief. This study takes different types of rural landscapes as the research object to explore their impact on stress levels, which are shown by photos. As an independent variable, the rural landscape is divided into three levels: Type 1 (natural landscape), type 2 (productive landscape), and type 3 (artificial landscape). Seventy-three subjects were randomly assigned to each type of rural landscape. Salivary cortisol, blood pressure, heart rate, and a subjective rating state scale (brief profile of mood states, BPOMS) were used as indicators of stress. At the same time, the influence of preference and familiarity on the stress relieving effect was also discussed. A paired t-test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used as the main statistical methods. In the results of t-test for pre-posttest, significant difference was observed in high blood pressure, heart rate, and total mood disturbance (TMD) of type 1 and type 2, and the high and low blood pressure of type 3; ANOVA analysis revealed that for the difference of pre-posttest, significant difference was observed in the TMD value among the three types; except for type 3, blood pressure, heart rate, and BPOMS values were significantly affected by preference and familiarity. The conclusions include the following: The three types of rural landscapes have a positive effect on relieving stress; the productive landscape has the best effect on relieving stress; and users’ landscape preferences and familiarity with the environment can affect the effect of stress relief in rural landscapes.
Highlights
With increasing urbanization, rural landscapes are being involved in more and more research [1,2,3]
Preference and familiarity were included in a discussion on the impact of stress relief. This present study proposes the following hypotheses: (1) Rural landscapes have positive effects on stress relief; (2) different types of rural landscapes have different effects on human stress recovery; (3) the more nature the type of rural landscape has, the more effective the stress reduction; (4) preference and familiarity would influence the effect of stress relief
Rural landscapes have a positive effect on relieving stress, which is prominent at the reduction of blood pressure, heart rate, and the level of psychological perception
Summary
Rural landscapes are being involved in more and more research [1,2,3]. With the decline in the rural population, there have been phenomena such as hollow villages, changes in the appearance of the landscape, and urbanization of the rural areas in rural China. The service crowd, main functions, and morphological features of the rural landscape have undergone tremendous changes. The villages in Beijing are undergoing major renovations. In 2018 alone, there were 1081 villages in Beijing that completed the reconstruction plan, and about 60% of them built into “beautiful villages”, which was a national policy of China. Time 3 -sCort -Blood pressure -Heart rate -BPOMS scale. Easacnhutmubbeerwedasfnour mlabteerreadnafolyrsliast,earnadnatlhyesitsu,baendwtahsesttuobreedwiansast2o–r5ed◦Cinraef2r–ig5e rCatroerf.riAgesraaltiovra. ry corAtissoalliEvLarIySAco, rStLisVo-l2E9L30IS(AD,RSGLVI-n2s9t3r0um(DeRnGts IGnsmtrbuHm,eGntesrmGmanbyH),, wGaersmuasnedy)a, swtahseurseeadgeans tthkeit,rewahgeicnht is an keint,zwymhiechimismanunenozaysmsaeyifmormtuhneoqaussaanytiftoartitvhee iqnuvanittriotadtiivaeginnovstitircomdeiaagsnuorestmicemnteaosfuarcetmiveenftroefeaccotrivtiesol (hyfdrereoccoorrttiissooln(ehaynddrohcoyrdtirsooxnyecaonrdtichoysdtreorxoynec)oirnticsoasltiverao.ne) in saliva
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