The Influence of Various Growth Regulator of Growth Media on Biomass and Callus Induction in Elephantopus scaber Linn

Abstract

Elephantopus scaber has the potential to be developed and isolated of secondary metabolites by tissue culture techniques. Secondary metabolites of E. scaber include scabertopin, scabertropinol, luteolin, flavonoids, deoxyelephantopin, phenols, saponins, tannins, elephantopins which can be isolated from the callus, so that various growth media are used to get the largest E. scaber callus. The aim of this study is to describe the biomass and induction of E. scaber callus in various growth media in vitro (tissue culture techniques), and to determine the proper media to produce E. scaber callus biomass optimally. E. scaber culture experiments were conducted descriptively, using 5 growth media, namely 1) MS + BAP media, 2) MS + Kinetin media, 3) MS + 2.4 D media, with concentrations of BAP, Kinetin and 2.4 D 0.5; 1; 1.5; and 2 mg/L respectively, 4) MS + BAP + 2.4 D and 5) MS + Kinetin + 2.4 D, with the ratio of BAP + 2.4 D and Kin + 2.4 D are 0.5 + 0.5; 1 + 0.5; 1 + 1; 1.5 + 1.5 mg/L. Each medium contained 25 experimental bottles, each bottle are containing 5 E. scaber explants. Stages of research method are include explant sterilization, manufacture and sterilization of media, and planting explants into growth media. The research parameters are callus induction and callus biomass. The data were analyzed by quantitative descriptive. The results showed that the use of MS + 0.5 mg/L BAP growth media gave the fastest callus induction periode, 14 days after planting, while MS + 1.5 mg/L BAP + 1.5 mg/L 2.4 D growth media gave the largest callus biomass that is 0.0797 grams with a friable callus texture.