Abstract
This study of the change in salt composition of the water in Ukrainian rivers has shown that the salts ratio and the total dissolved solids ratio increase in the waters of rivers flowing in the steppe zone of Ukraine. Purpose. To study the salt composition of waters in the rivers making up an integral part of the urban landscape geosystem. Methods. Potentiometric and gravimetric methods as well as titration and computation. Results The results were obtained on the basis of analyzing 42 surface water samples taken under various hydrological regimes of the three rivers flowing in the city of Kharkiv. The total growth of chlorides towards the end of the Kharkiv River seasonal floods made up 158.31%, during the autumn high water it was 105.26%, and at the start of seasonal floods it was 37.14%. In the waters of the Lopan River, the total growth of chlorides towards the end of seasonal floods made up 86.67%, during the autumn high water it was 56.69%, and at the start of seasonal floods it was 72.22%. The total growth of chlorides towards the end of the Udy River seasonal floods made up 42.05%, during the autumn high water it was only 0.89%, and at the start of seasonal floods it was 12.5%. Towards the end of the Kharkiv River seasonal floods the amount of sulphates decreased by 7.46% while during the autumn high water it was almost unchanged (increased by 0.27%); the amount of sulphates decreased by 1.13% towards the end of the Lopan River seasonal floods and by 10.03% during the autumn high water; the amount of sulphates increased by 55.95% towards the end of the Udy River seasonal floods (on the territory of Kharkiv city) while during the autumn high water it increased by 31.43%. Conclusions. It was established that chlorides concentration in the water under various hydrological regimes is extremely changeable with the tendency to increase, yet their content does not exceed environmental standards.
Highlights
This study of the change in salt composition of the water in Ukrainian rivers has shown that the salts ratio and the total dissolved solids ratio increase in the waters of rivers flowing in the steppe zone of Ukraine
The results were obtained on the basis of analyzing 42 surface water samples taken under various hydrological regimes of the three rivers flowing in the city of Kharkiv
The total growth of chlorides towards the end of the Kharkiv River seasonal floods made up 158.31%, during the autumn high water it was 105.26%, and at the start of seasonal floods it was 37.14%
Summary
Харків на кінець водопілля становив 158,31 %, під час осіннього паводку – 105,26 % і на початку водопілля – 37,14 %. Лопань загальний приріст хлоридів на кінець водопілля становив 86,67 %, під час осіннього паводку – 56,69 %, на початку водопілля – 72,22 %. Уди на кінець водопілля становив 42,05 %, під час осіннього паводку лише 0,89 %, а на початку водопілля – 12,5 %. Лопань вміст сульфатів на кінець водопілля знизився на 1,13 %, а під час осіннього паводку – на 10,03%; у р. На кінець водопілля вміст збільшився на 55,95 %, а під час осіннього паводку на 31,43 %. Що концентрація хлоридів у воді в різних гідрологічних режимах надзвичайно мінлива, спостерігається тенденція до їх зростання, їх зміст не перевищує екологічні нормативи; визначено, що концентрації кальцію і магнію в річкових вода низькі і спостерігається стійка тенденція до зниження їх вмісту.
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