Abstract
The influence of ultrasound cavitation in the atmosphere of different gases, namely oxygen, air, and nitrogen, on the destruction of impurities of butanol and ethanol found in wastewater from the pharmaceutical plant “Galichpharm” was investigated. The effect of the corresponding gases (oxygen, nitrogen, and air) without ultrasound cavitation on the destruction of ethanol and butanol impurities in wastewater was comparatively investigated. The degree of oxidation of organic matter, effective rate constants, and approximation coefficients were calculated. It was found that the air supply is the least effective for both ethanol and butanol impurities. Degradation of ethanol by air contributed to the reduction in the organic matter content by 14.6 %, while oxidation of butanol was not observed. Ultrasound cavitation enhanced the effect of air and in common action with air the ethanol impurity content reduced by 32.58 %, and butanol impurity by 4.05 %. Nitrogen bubbling produced mediocre results for the destruction of ethanol and butanol impurities giving a decrease by 17.04 % and 0.67 %, respectively. The highest results were obtained with oxygen. Ethanol impurities decreased by 22.47 % and butanol impurities by 1.75 %. With the common action of oxygen and ultrasound, much higher results were obtained, 44.32 % for ethanol impurities and 7.43 % for butanol impurities.
Highlights
The pharmaceutical industry is an integral part of modern human development
The purpose of the research is to study the efficiency of ultrasound cavitation (UC) in the atmosphere of various gases – nitrogen, oxygen, and air on ethanol and butanol impurities found in industrial wastewater
During the bubbling of oxygen itself, it was possible to reduce the amount of ethanol impurities by 22.47 %, while the amount of butanol by only 1.75 %
Summary
The pharmaceutical industry is an integral part of modern human development. The pharmaceutical wastewater composition is complex, with high concentrations of organic substances. About 3000 different substances are used in drugs such as painkillers, antibiotics, and contraceptives.[1] Ethanol and butanol are mainly used as solvents.[2,3] Due to their wide use in the pharmaceutical industry, it is important to efficiently clean wastewater for its reuse as industrial water. We propose looking for more effective methods of water purification at much higher initial COD values or the possibility of complex uses of ultrasound cavitation (UC) with other existing methods of water treatment. Innovative technologies and developed water purification equipment must fully meet the requirements of energy and resource conservation, environmental security, and be Methodology
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