The influence of tumor size and morphology on the outcome of patients with figo stage IB squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix

Abstract

Purpose : To define the influence of tumor size and morphology on rates of central tumor control (CTC), pelvic tumor control (PTC), and disease-specific survival (DSS) in patients treated with radiotherapy for squamous cell carcinoma of the intact uterine cervix. Methods and Materials : Records of 1526 patients treated with radiotherapy for FIGO Stage IB squamous cell carcinoma of the intact uterine cervix between 1960 and 1989 were retrospectively reviewed. The maximum tumor or cervical diameter was determined from clinical descriptions for 1494 patients. Tumors were divided into nine size categories. Tumors ≥ 4 cm were further classified according to the dominant morphology (i.e., exophytic or endocervical). Median follow-up was 12.2 years. Five-year CTC, PTC, and DSS rates were calculated actuarially. Results : CTC, PTC, and DSS rates correlated strongly with tumor diameter ( p < 0.0001). Overall, CTC, PTC, and DSS rates for patients with tumors < 5 cm were 99%, 97%, and 88%, respectively. For patients with tumors 5–7.9 cm these rates were 93%, 84%, and 69%, respectively. There were no significant differences in the rates of PTC, CTC, or DSS between subgroups of patients with lesions 5–7.9 cm in diameter. The rates of CTC (97%) and DSS (76%) for patients with 5–7.9 cm exophytic tumors were significantly better than those for patients with endocervical tumors of the same size (91% and 66%, resectively); there was no difference in the PTC rate. Conclusion : Although the CTC rates were excellent for all patients with tumors < 8 cm in diameter, these rates for tumors < 5 cm (99%) and for exophytic tumors 5–7.9 cm (97%) make it difficult to justify the use of adjuvant hysterectomy. Although patients with tumors of 5–7.9 cm had consistently poorer PTC and DSS rates than did patients with smaller tumors, the control rates achieved with aggressive radiotherapy were still excellent. The strong correlation between tumor size and outcome suggests that tumor diameter should be assessed when tumors are clinically evaluated and staged and when treatment results are reported for patients with FIGO Stage IB carcinoma of the uterine cervix.