Abstract
ABSTRACT The Azospirillum is considered one of the most studied plant growth promoter genus. These bacteria are capable of promoting plant growth through several factors. However, the effect of Azospirillum spp. associated to nitrogen fertilization on maize grain yield has brought about controversial results. Thus, the objective of this study was to verify the influence of topdressing nitrogen on the effect of Azospirillum spp. inoculation on maize crops through meta-analysis. Data were collected from articles published in scientific journals, obtained from the Web of Science®, Scopus® and Google Scholar® databases. The bibliographic review included only articles with direct comparisons between maize yield in the presence and absence of Azospirillum spp. under field conditions in Brazil. The meta-analysis of the random effects was carried out using all entries. Subgroup and meta-regression analysis were realized to verify the influence of nitrogen fertilization on the explanation of the possible heterogeneity among effect measures. Maize inoculation with Azospirillum spp. showed an average yield increase of 651.58 kg·ha-1, considering all trials, and of 1034.28 kg·ha-1 considering only the trials without topdressing nitrogen. There was no significant increase in grain yield when inoculation with bacteria from the Azospirillum genus was realized together with nitrogen fertilization, indicating that such technologies are non-additive.
Highlights
Among the microorganisms that live in the rhizosphere, a heterogeneous group of bacterial species, known as plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB), are capable of promoting plant growth (Bach et al 2016)
These bacteria can play an important role in nutrients acquisition by plants, acting as biofertilizers, phytostimulants and biotic and abiotic stress controllers (Lugtenberg and Kamilova 2009; Pii et al 2015)
The search for the articles was done by two independent reviewers, in which only articles dealing with the direct comparison between maize yield in the presence and absence of bacteria of Influence of nitrogen on Azospirillum in maize the Azospirillum genus, under field conditions, in Brazil, were included
Summary
Among the microorganisms that live in the rhizosphere, a heterogeneous group of bacterial species, known as plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB), are capable of promoting plant growth (Bach et al 2016). These bacteria can play an important role in nutrients acquisition by plants, acting as biofertilizers, phytostimulants and biotic and abiotic stress controllers (Lugtenberg and Kamilova 2009; Pii et al 2015). Several PGPB genera show association with different species of agricultural importance, such as Azospirillum, Arthobacter, Azobacter, Bacillus, Bradyrhizobium, Burkholderia, Clostridium, Gluconacetobacter, Herbaspirillum, Pseudomonas, Rhizobium and Streptomyces (Steenhoudt and Vanderleyden 2000; Videira et al 2012). Pereg et al (2016) verified that bacteria of the Azospirillum genus has affinities with more than 113 species of plants and 35 botanic families
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