Abstract
An increasing body of evidence from both academic and clinical studies shows that time-of-day exposure to antigens might significantly alter and modulate the development of adaptive immune responses. Considering the immense impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on global health and the diminished efficacy of vaccination in selected populations, such as older and immunocompromised patients, it is critical to search for the most optimal conditions for mounting immune responses against SARS-CoV-2. Hence, we conducted an observational study on 435 healthy young adults vaccinated with two doses of BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) vaccine to determine whether time-of-day of vaccination influences either the magnitude of humoral response or number of adverse drug reactions (ADR) being reported. We found no significant differences between morning and afternoon vaccination in terms of both titers of anti-Spike antibodies and frequency of ADR in the studied population. In addition, our analysis of data on the occurrence of ADR in 1324 subjects demonstrated that the second administration of vaccine in those with previous SARS-CoV-2 infection was associated with lower incidence of ADR. In aggregate, vaccination against COVID-19 with two doses of BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine is presumed to generate an equally efficient anti-Spike humoral response.
Highlights
Decades of continued vaccination programs against infectious diseases such as polio, tuberculosis, diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, measles, mumps and rubella have established their undeniable efficiency, as well as their major role in the sustainability of healthcare systems worldwide [1]
We conducted an observational study on 435 healthy young adults vaccinated with two doses of BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) vaccine to determine whether time-of-day of vaccination influences either the magnitude of humoral response or number of adverse drug reactions (ADR) being reported
We found no significant differences between morning and afternoon vaccination in terms of both titers of anti-Spike antibodies and frequency of ADR in the studied population
Summary
Decades of continued vaccination programs against infectious diseases such as polio, tuberculosis, diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, measles, mumps and rubella have established their undeniable efficiency, as well as their major role in the sustainability of healthcare systems worldwide [1]. In parallel to the rapid progress done in chemistry research of adjuvant design, behavioral aspects such as quality of sleep [5] and its deprivation [6], exercising [7–11], smoking [12] and a proper nutritional status with regard to dietary fiber [13], vitamins [14] and other micronutrients [15] have started to emerge as a potent approach capable of modifying the magnitude of immune response upon vaccination [12]. Another promising path towards the improvement of vaccine efficacy is related to findings in the field of circadian rhythms of the immune system. This effect, was abrogated in T cell-specific Bmal1−/− mice
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
