The Influence of Tillage System Upon Weed Development on a Wheat Crop

Abstract

The strategy for suppressing weeds in a minimum tillage system has to be prior and different from the classical soil tillage system. A tremendous importance must be taken for the indirect methods of weed suppressing especially crop rotation method. The soil tillage system and weed suppressing methods play a key role for all the weeding wheat. Especially at the first stages of plant development when all the weeding crops are extremely sensible for weed activity. The most common weed species that infestate wheat crops are: Agrostemma githago, Anthemis sp., Anagalis arvensis, Centaurea cyanus, Consolida regalis, Matricharia sp., Papaver rhoeas, Thlaspi arvense, Cirsium arvense, Convolvulus arvensis, Galeopsis tetrahit, Galium aparine, Polygonum sp., Ranunculus arvensis, Sinapis sp., Raphanus raphanistrum, Apera spica venti, Avena fatua, Agropyron repens, Cynodon dactylon. The researches showed that the obtained results depend by several factors as: soil characteristics, microclimate factors, different soil tillage practice, sowing period, sowing equipments, crop rotation, the biological material that has been used, type of fertilization (period of time and type of applying) and weed development. In most of the cases the relation between the obtained yield and tillage system is influenced by a proper management of crop rotation during the time. On the wheat crop, the influence of tillage system upon weed development is between 8,2-50,6% higher for all the experimental plot variants unconventional tilled compared with the classical tillage system (table 1). It’s observed a mass reduction of annual dicotiledonate weeds from 90% for the plough tilled experimental variant to 73-79% for the unconventional tilled experimental variants. Also was observed a development rate of 4% till 8-12% for the perennial dicotiledonate weeds and monocotiledonate ones (from 6 till 10-19%). Tab. 1 Weed development on a wheat culture compared with different soil tillage