Abstract
Glass reinforced plastic (GRP) laminate made from layers of glass fibre in the form of chopped strand mat and polyester resin and constructed by the hand lay-up procedure is extensively used for pipes and vessels in the chemical process and other industries. In design for strength, consideration in general is given only to normal stresses or strains in the plane of the laminate. In operation, certain stress systems arising in pipes and pipe components suggest that through-thickness properties of the laminate need to be considered. Compression, tension, bending, torsion and hydrostatic pressure tests were carried out on a 229 mm thick laminate constructed in the laboratory. Elastic moduli as well as fracture stresses were derived, including those for through-thickness tension and interlaminar shear. Limited tests on thinner laminates are also reported. Implications of the results for the design of smooth GRP pipe bends are discussed.
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