Abstract
The surface topographies of artificial implants including surface roughness, surface groove size and orientation, and surface pore size and distribution have a great influence on the adhesion, migration, proliferation, and differentiation of nerve cells in the nerve regeneration process. Optimizing the surface topographies of biomaterials can be a key strategy for achieving excellent cell performance in various applications such as nerve tissue engineering. In this review, we offer a comprehensive summary of the surface topographies of nerve implants and their effects on nerve cell behavior. This review also emphasizes the latest work progress of the layered structure of the natural extracellular matrix that can be imitated by the material surface topology. Finally, the future development of surface topographies on nerve regeneration was prospectively remarked.
Highlights
Peripheral nerve injury is the most common disease in clinical medicine, which brings much trouble to the patients in their life
The results proved that the motor function recovery rate of the aligned fibrin hydrogel (AFG) group was significantly faster than that of the control group and the stochastic fibrin hydrogel group (RFG)
The results showed that the AFG biomimetic composition is comprised of a protein of a natural fiber cable, and the aligned organization could facilitate rapid biological function recovery in peripheral nerve regeneration [85]
Summary
Peripheral nerve injury is the most common disease in clinical medicine, which brings much trouble to the patients in their life. In order to achieve the functional replacement of damaged tissues in neural tissue, more and more artificial nerve grafts made of synthetic or natural biomaterials have been developed to promote the growth, proliferation, and differentiation of nerve cells [5]. The micropatterns on the surface of biomaterials can build a physical microenvironment that is conducive to cell growth and orientation, to promote and regulate the growth and spatial distribution of nerve cells for achieving better and faster nerve regeneration. The purpose of this review is mainly to emphasize the significance of the surface topology of biomaterial implants and their effect on the behavior of nerve cells, including proliferation, differentiation, adhesion, migration, alignment growth, and neurite guidance and relevant mechanism (Figure 1)
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