Abstract
Symbioses between hermit crabs and sea anemones, e.g., Calliactis spp., are commonly considered mutualistic. Benefits to the sea anemone have not been clearly demonstrated, but the hermit crab is thought to benefit, in part, by receiving protection. In the present study, the effectiveness of Calliactis in protecting hermit crabs from octopus predation was addressed. Hermit crabs with a greater number of attached anemones survived longest. Also, the location of an anemone greatly affected its ability to prevent predation. Hermit crabs with an anemone attached closest to the shell aperture survived longest.
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