Abstract
1. 1. Standard limb leads, unipolar limb leads (extremity potentials), unipolar precordial leads, and precordial leads of the CR, CL, and CF types were taken in a series of normal subjects. Analysis of the curves thus obtained justifies the following conclusions: 2. 2. The position of the reference electrode has a considerable effect upon the size and form of the normal precordial electrocardiogram. 3. 3. The potential variations of the left arm in CL leads and the influence of the potential variation of the left leg in CF leads vary with the position of the mean electrical axis of P, QRS, and T. The distortion which occurs in CR leads is not appreciably less than that in CL and CF leads, but is much more uniform in magnitude and in duration when the electrical axes of P, QRS, and T are in a relativel normal position. 4. 4. When a central terminal is employed, the distortion introduced by the reference electrode is eliminated or reduced to a minimum.
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