The Influence of the Endothelin-Converting Enzyme-1 Gene Polymorphism on the Progression of Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease

Abstract

Background. A significant phenotypical variability is observed in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), the most common renal hereditary disease. Endothelin-1 (ET-1) has been suggested to be an important disease-promoting factor of the kidney. Endothelin-converting enzyme-1 (ECE-1) is the main protease responsible for ET-1 generation by cleavage of its functionally inactive precursor. We examined the influence of the ECE-1b C-338A polymorphism on the progression of ADPKD toward end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The A allele was suggested to be associated with higher plasma level of ET-1. Methods. 200 ADPKD patients (107 males, 93 females) who had reached ESRD were analyzed. Patients were divided into three groups: (1) 47 patients (23 males, 24 females) with ESRD later than in 63 yr (slow progressors); (2) 71 patients (38 males, 33 females) with ESRD before 45 yr (rapid progressors); and (3) 82 patients (46 males, 36 females) with ESRD between 45–63 yr. Moreover, we analyzed 160 genetically unrelated healthy Czech subjects as the control group (82 males, 78 females, mean age 51.4 ± 8.2 yr). DNA samples from collected blood were genotyped for ECE-1b C-338A polymorphism using described polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by restriction enzyme digestion. We compared the frequencies of different genotypes between the groups of slow and rapid progressors and the ages of ESRD with regard to different genotypes. Results. The ECE-1b C-338A genotype distribution showed no differences among the groups of slow progressors, rapid progressors, ADPKD group with ESRD between 45–63 yr and control group. Comparing the ages of ESRD of all patients, we did not find significant differences in the ages with regard to different genotypes: CC (51.5 ± 10.1 yr), AC (51.6 ± 11.4 yr), AA (48.2 ± 5.9 yr). There was a tendency to lower age of ESRD in AA homozygotes in comparison with other genotypes (t-test, p = 0.12). We found no influence of gender. Conclusion. We excluded the effect of ECE-1b C-338A polymorphism on the progression of ADPKD. We could observe a mild tendency toward faster decline of renal function in AA homozygous individuals.