Abstract
Plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) of Ti-15Mo alloys conducted in electrolytes containing Ca and P compounds can be an efficient process with which to obtain bioactive coatings. This paper reports on the influence of the nature of the electrolyte, its concentration, and PEO process parameters on the properties of anodized layers on Ti-15Mo. A wide range of Ca- and P-containing alkaline and acidic solutions was employed to incorporate Ca and P ions into the anodized layer. The efficiency of the incorporation was evaluated by the Ca/P ratio in the coating as compared to that in the electrolyte. It was found that alkaline solutions are not suitable electrolytes for the formation of good quality, uniform PEO coatings. Only acidic electrolytes are appropriate for obtaining well-adherent homogeneous layers on Ti-15Mo. However, the maximum Ca/P ratios reached in the coatings were rather low (close to 1). The variation of electrical signal (negative-to-positive current ratio, frequency) and time of electrolysis do not result in a substantial change of this value. The processing time, however, did influence the coating thickness. Despite their low Ca/P ratio, the anodized layers demonstrate good biological activity, comparable to pure microrough titanium.
Highlights
Titanium alloys are widely applied in implantology [1]
The mass ratio of calcium and phosphorus in each solution (Ca/P)sol was calculated according to the concentration of the corresponding compounds as follows: (Ca/P)sol =
A wide range of Ca- and P-containing solutions was employed to incorporate Ca and P ions into the anodized layer formed on Ti-15Mo by the Plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) process
Summary
Ti-6Al-4V alloy is one of the most used alloys due to its high corrosion resistance, biocompatibility, and mechanical properties. Its elastic modulus (E = 100 GPa) is significantly higher than that of bone (5–40 GPa), which results in a stress at the bone-implant interface. This alloy contains aluminium, an element that is harmful to the human body. For these reasons, alternative titanium alloys without. Al are considered for biomedical applications [2] In this respect, β-phase Ti alloys are of particular interest owing to their low elastic modulus [3]. Increasing the amount of β-phase leads to a decrease of elastic modulus and, to a better mechanical compatibility with the natural bone [4]
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