Abstract
In previous research, conidium concentrations varying between 10,000 and 1,000,000/mL have not been related to any aggressiveness test. Therefore, two Fusarium graminearum and two Fusarium culmorum isolates were tested in the field on seven genotypes highly differing in resistance at no dilution, and 1:1, 1:2, 1:4, 1:8, and 1:16 dilutions in two years (2013 and 2014). The isolates showed different aggressiveness, which changed significantly at different dilution rates for disease index (DI), Fusarium-damaged kernels (FDK), and deoxynivalenol (DON). The traits also had diverging responses to the infection. The effect of the dilution could not be forecasted. The genotype ranks also varied. Dilution seldomly increased aggressiveness, but often lower aggressiveness occurred at high variation. The maximum and minimum values varied between 15% and 40% for traits and dilutions. The reductions between the non-diluted and diluted values (total means) for DI ranged from 6% and 33%, for FDK 8.3–37.7%, and for DON 5.8–44.8%. The most sensitive and most important trait was DON. The introduction of the aggressiveness test provides improved regulation compared to the uncontrolled manipulation of the conidium concentration. The use of more isolates significantly increases the credibility of phenotyping in genetic and cultivar registration studies.
Highlights
Breeding for Fusarium head blight (FHB) resistance is the most effective means of providing useful protection of wheat [1,2]
To compare the influence of the dilutions, we set the non-diluted inoculum to 100%, and thereafter, the reduction was measured for all isolates along with the dilution grade (Figure 1)
Shows clearly present practice regulating conidium concentration has severe problems. It appears that the authors of this previous regulating conidium concentration has severe problems. It appears that the authors of this previous research fulfilleda aformal formalrequirement requirement to expected conidium concentration
Summary
Breeding for Fusarium head blight (FHB) resistance is the most effective means of providing useful protection of wheat [1,2]. As pathogenicity is a characteristic of the species, the differences in the disease-causing capacity of the individual isolates for non-specialized pathogens, such as Fusarium, is referred to as aggressiveness [10,11,12]. This relates to the primary symptoms; reactions to other traits (Fusarium-damaged kernels (FDK) and deoxynivalenol (DON)) might differ. Their aggressiveness shows a very wide variation [13,14].
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