Abstract
The energy storage system of soil maintenance in the irrigation landscapes of the Western Precaspian is based on the use of the second half of summer for the formation of a natural crop phytocenosis (NCP) and plowing it for green fertilizer. The article deals with the formation of plant mass in grain-grass crop rotations, the concentration and accumulation of nutrients in it. The degree of saturation of alfalfa (Medicago sativaL.) and winter wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) with natural crop phytocenosis (NCP) crop rotations ranges from 0 to 100%. The most productive of the studied crop rotations is a four-field with one output field of alfalfa and three fields of winter wheat, after harvesting which in the second half of summer a NCP for green fertilizer is formed. In this crop rotation, 97.4 t of agricultural products were produced on 1 ha of the crop rotation area, including 30.2 t/ha of its non-alienable part from the soil. Accordingly, the removal of N, P2O5 and K2O from the soil increases. The proportion of the returned amount of nutrients from the phytomass inalienable from the soil was (%): N-17.7; P2O5 and 45.3.
Highlights
In the southern regions of the country, after harvesting winter grain crops, there are 100-120 days with a warm period of the year
It is even proposed to have a purely grain crop rotation, where every year the grain crop is sown according to the crop natural phytocenosis (NCP). [5, 6, 7] it is believed that natural crop phytocenosis (NCP) in the irrigation landscapes of the south of our country is a kind of busy steam, but in a different time interval and on a different technological basis
An increase in the share of the most productive crop – alfalfa - in the structure of sown areas to 100% did not lead to an increase in the phytomass accumulated by plants compared to other crop rotations, where winter wheat occupied part of the area with the subsequent formation of NCP (Table 2)
Summary
In the southern regions of the country (the North Caucasus, the Lower Volga region), after harvesting winter grain crops, there are 100-120 days with a warm period of the year. The sum of positive air temperatures for this period is 2500-26000C, active temperatures above 100C - 2200-23000C, photosynthetically active radiation (FAR) - 20-22 kcal/cm, or, respectively, 60-62%; 55-60% and 33-37% of their annual amount. This period is currently used for tillage for the crop according to various systems, the main purpose of which is the destruction of germinating weeds. The above-mentioned climatic resources are irrevocably and without benefit for agricultural production Researchers recommend using this period to provoke the germination of weeds (natural phytocenosis), and use the resulting mass for green fertilizer [1, 2]. The energy storage system of soil maintenance proposed by these authors should become the basis of agrotechnologies of organic agriculture in our country
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