The influence of the cultivar and foliar treatment with micronutrient preparations on the yield, economics and energy efficiency of grain production of spring soft wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Abstract

Spring soft wheat is an important food crop, which requires good mineral nutrition, including microelements. The present investigation was conducted during 2019 at the Mordovian Research Institute of Agriculture, Branch of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Federal Agrarian Scientific Center of the North-East (Russia). Earlier, on leached chernozems of the Republic of Mordovia, conflicting data had been obtained on the effectiveness of complex micronutrient preparations in grain crops. There are interesting reasons for the low effectiveness of individual drugs, given their large market share and the presence of positive reviews from some scientists. The work is devoted to the study of productivity and economic and energy efficiency of spring wheat cultivation on leached chernozem, depending on the variety and separate and joint use of micronutrient preparations of manganese, copper, molybdenum, and Ultramag combi. The novelty of the study is that concerning the conditions of the Republic of Mordovia, the most effective combination of microelements when combined as a fertilizerstimulating agent in foliar feeding was substantiated. The varietal response to the preparations used has been studied. Paired and triple mixtures of trace elements of manganese, copper, and molybdenum were studied in comparison with the complex fertilizer Ultramag combi. We used sulfate salts of copper and manganese, as well as ammonium molybdate, chelated with Na2EDTA in a molar ratio of 1:1. It was found that the best productivity parameters were formed in the Yoldyz spring wheat variety. An optimal combination of microelements has been established that has a positive effect on the efficiency of spring wheat seed grain production. The best parameters of yield and production efficiency of spring wheat varieties Tulaykovskaya 10 and Tulaykovskaya 108 were formed with the foliar treatment of crops with a paired mixture of copper and molybdenum against a background of nitrogen, and the best parameters of Yoldyz variety were formed after treatment with manganese and copper, as well as manganese and molybdenum against a background of nitrogen. Foliar treatment with a multicomponent preparation Ultramag combi, as well as with separately applied nitrogen in the amide form, was less effective.