Abstract
Epoxy/TiO2/epoxy and epoxy/FAS-TiO2/epoxy coatings were applied to the surface of AISI 316L stainless steel with the aim to improve the biocompatibility and antibacterial properties. Contact-angle measurements were used to evaluate the wetting properties of the epoxy, epoxy/TiO2/epoxy and epoxy/FAS-TiO2/epoxy coatings. The epoxy and epoxy/TiO2/epoxy coatings were hydrophilic compared with the strongly hydrophobic epoxy/FAS-TiO2/epoxy coating. The average surface roughness (Sa) of the epoxy/FAS-TiO2/epoxy coating was higher than that of the epoxy/TiO2/epoxy coating due to the formation of agglomerates. The biocompatibility evaluation revealed that the cell attachment was significantly higher on the epoxy/FAS-TiO2/epoxy and epoxy/TiO2/epoxy coatings compared with the pure epoxy coating. We also observed improved antibacterial properties for the epoxy coatings with the addition of both TiO2 and FAS-TiO2 nanoparticles.
Highlights
Improved cell attachment and resistance to bacterial adhesion are two critical characteristics to consider in an effective biomaterial design
We prepared two types of sandwich-structured coatings, epoxy/TiO2 /epoxy and epoxy/FAS-TiO2 /epoxy, that were applied on the surface of AISI 316L stainless steel
Both coatings are characterised by unique surface properties that differ in terms of wettability and surface roughness
Summary
Improved cell attachment and resistance to bacterial adhesion are two critical characteristics to consider in an effective biomaterial design. The appropriate surface modification of the substrate is crucial for a desirable biological response Various techniques, such as the application of polymer coatings [1], electron-beam lithography [2], plasma treatment [3,4], self-assembly techniques [5]. The biocompatibility of a material is related to cell behaviour on contact with the surface where the surface characteristics of materials such as surface topography, chemistry or surface energy, play an essential part in the adhesion process. The quality of this first phase of the cell-material interaction influences and enables good proliferation and differentiation of the cells on the surface [7]
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