Abstract
Anthocyanins are water-soluble plant pigments, and based on their chemical structure (nature, position, and the number of sugar moieties attached; the number of hydroxyl groups; acylation of sugars with acids) about 635 different anthocyanins have been identified and reported from plants. Cyanidin, peonidin, pelargonidin, petunidin, and malvidin are the commonly found anthocyanidins (aglycon forms of anthocyanins) in edible plants out of almost 25 anthocyanidins that are identified (based on the position of methoxyl and hydroxyl groups in the rings) in nature. Anthocyanins are known for numerous health benefits including anti-diabetes, anti-obesity, anti-inflammatory bowel disease, anti-cancer, etc. Obesity can be defined as excessive or abnormal adipose tissue and body mass, which increases the risk of developing chronic diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, cancers, etc. The manuscript summarizes the recent updates in the effects of anthocyanins supplementation on the health status of obese subjects, and briefly the results of in vitro and in vivo studies. Several studies confirmed that the consumption of anthocyanins-rich food improved obesity-associated dysbiosis in gut microbiota and inflammation in adipose tissue. Anthocyanin consumption prevents obesity in healthy subjects, and aids in maintaining or reducing the body weight of obese subjects, also improving the metabolism and energy balance. Though preclinical studies proved the beneficial effects of anthocyanins such as the fact that daily intake of anthocyanin rich fruits and vegetables might aid weight maintenance in every healthy individual, Juҫara pulp might control the inflammatory status of obesity, Queen garnet plum juice reduced the blood pressure and risk factors associated with metabolic disorders, and highbush organic blueberries improved the metabolism of obese individuals, we don’t have an established treatment procedure to prevent or manage the over-weight condition and its comorbidities. Thus, further studies on the optimum dose, duration, and mode of supplementation of anthocyanins are required to develop an anthocyanins-based clinical procedure.
Highlights
Obesity is one of the known health impairments that reduces the quality of life
The hamsters co-supplemented with a high-fat diet (0.2% cholesterol and 10% corn oil were added in chow as high fat diet) and Mulberry water extracts (MWE) exhibited a reduction in body weight and visceral fat mass
The hexosamine biosynthetic pathway was suppressed by cyanidin 3-O-β-D-glucoside (C3G) treatment in adipocytes, which was characterized by the changes in the activities of AMP-activated protein kinase, glutamine: fructose 6-phosphate aminotransferase, and reduction of cellular UDP-N-acetylglucosamine production
Summary
Obesity is one of the known health impairments that reduces the quality of life. The prevalence of obesity is increasing drastically, and the incidence of obesity has tripled since 1975. Cardiovascular diseases, inflammatory disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, pancreatitis, Dietaryand therapy, planned regular physical activity, and surgical procedures are effective. Dietaryfor therapy, plannedof regular physical activity, surgical procedures are kg effective within one to two years Weight durationloss byofexercise therapy, dietary bariatric surgery, for the treatment of obesity. Anthocyanins are generally richlyinfound in and flowers fruitofbodies including berries, plums, grapes, andgrapes, vegetables purple cabbage andcabbage red potatoes [15]. Glucosides are the most glycoside forms that arethat present in almost all anthocyanin-rich plantplant parts. Diglucosides areare the common glycoside forms are present in almost all anthocyanin-rich parts. The current recent reports on the influence of supplementation of anthocyanins on obesity-associated comorbidities. The scientific information has been retrieved from Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and Google obesity-associated comorbidities. Documents that are published in English have been used without any chronological restrictions for the preparation of the current manuscript
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