The influence of sulphur on the adhesion and growth mechanisms of chromia and alumina scales formed at high temperatures: the ‘sulphur effect’

Abstract

Restricted accessMoreSectionsView PDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Cite this article Lees D. G. 2003The influence of sulphur on the adhesion and growth mechanisms of chromia and alumina scales formed at high temperatures: the ‘sulphur effect’Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A.4591459–1466http://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2002.1107SectionRestricted accessThe influence of sulphur on the adhesion and growth mechanisms of chromia and alumina scales formed at high temperatures: the ‘sulphur effect’ D. G. Lees D. G. Lees Manchester Materials Science Centre, University of Manchester and UMIST, Street, Manchester M1 7HS, UK Google Scholar Find this author on PubMed Search for more papers by this author D. G. Lees D. G. Lees Manchester Materials Science Centre, University of Manchester and UMIST, Street, Manchester M1 7HS, UK Google Scholar Find this author on PubMed Search for more papers by this author Published:08 June 2003https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2002.1107AbstractThe term ‘the sulphur effect’ as originally proposed consisted of two parts. Part 1 proposed that impurity sulphur segregates to the interface between chromia and alumina scales and the metal, that it has a deleterious effect on the adhesion and that reactive elements prevent this segregation. More recent evidence shows that the same effect can be obtained by other means, without the addition of reactive elements. Part 2 of the hypothesis relates to the effect of sulphur on the growth mechanism of these scales. It proposed that the oxide grain boundaries can transport cations or oxygen ions depending on whether sulphur is present or not. Sulphur has been shown to segregate to chromia grain boundaries, with the exception of low–angle grain boundaries. Therefore, according to the hypothesis, a scale which contains some grain boundaries that are low–angle and some that are not will grow by a mixture of oxygen and cation grain–boundary transport. A review of the experimental results shows that they can be accounted for on the basis of this hypothesis. Previous ArticleNext Article VIEW FULL TEXT DOWNLOAD PDF FiguresRelatedReferencesDetailsCited by Ma Z, Wang M, Zhang Y, Li K, Zhang M and Yang W (2022) Cu and Y doped (Co, Mn)3O4 spinel coatings on Crofer ferritic alloy by composite electrodeposition, Vacuum, 10.1016/j.vacuum.2022.111352, 204, (111352), Online publication date: 1-Oct-2022. Smialek J (2022) Invited Review Paper in Commemoration of Over 50 Years of Oxidation of Metals: Alumina Scale Adhesion Mechanisms: A Retrospective Assessment, Oxidation of Metals, 10.1007/s11085-021-10091-2, 97:1-2, (1-50), Online publication date: 1-Feb-2022. Wright I (2020) Cyclic oxidation behaviour of TP446, TP310, and IN617 in air at 871°C and 982°C, Materials at High Temperatures, 10.1080/09603409.2020.1811599, 37:6, (398-415), Online publication date: 1-Nov-2020. Al-Meshari A, Al-Rabie M and Al-Dajane M (2013) Failure Analysis of Furnace Tube, Journal of Failure Analysis and Prevention, 10.1007/s11668-013-9676-3, 13:3, (282-291), Online publication date: 1-Jun-2013. Shaigan N, Qu W, Ivey D and Chen W (2010) A review of recent progress in coatings, surface modifications and alloy developments for solid oxide fuel cell ferritic stainless steel interconnects, Journal of Power Sources, 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2009.09.069, 195:6, (1529-1542), Online publication date: 1-Mar-2010. Zhao X and Xiao P (2008) Effect of platinum on the durability of thermal barrier systems with a γ+γ′ bond coat, Thin Solid Films, 10.1016/j.tsf.2008.08.006, 517:2, (828-834), Online publication date: 1-Nov-2008. Hou P, Paulikas A, Veal B and Smialek J (2007) Thermally grown Al2O3 on a H2-annealed Fe3Al alloy: Stress evolution and film adhesion, Acta Materialia, 10.1016/j.actamat.2007.06.018, 55:16, (5601-5613), Online publication date: 1-Sep-2007. This Issue08 June 2003Volume 459Issue 2034 Article InformationDOI:https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2002.1107Published by:Royal SocietyPrint ISSN:1364-5021Online ISSN:1471-2946History: Published online08/06/2003Published in print08/06/2003 License: Citations and impact KeywordsSulphur EffectChromiaAluminaAdhesionGrowth MechanismReactive–Element Effect