Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) were prepared by direct current atmospheric pressure glow microdischarge (dc-μAPGD) generated between a miniature argon flow microjet and a flowing liquid cathode. The applied discharge system was operated in a continuous flow liquid mode. The influence of various stabilizers added to the solution of the liquid cathode, i.e., gelatin (GEL), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), or polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), as well as the concentration of the Au precursor (chloroauric acid, HAuCl4) in the solution on the production growth of Au NPs was investigated. Changes in the intensity of the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) band in UV/Vis absorption spectra of solutions treated by dc-μAPGD and their color were observed. The position and the intensity of the LSPR band indicated that relatively small nanoparticles were formed in solutions containing GEL as a capping agent. In these conditions, the maximum of the absorption LSPR band was at 531, 534, and 535 nm, respectively, for 50, 100, and 200 mg L−1 of Au. Additionally, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) were used to analyze the structure and the morphology of obtained Au NPs. The shape of Au NPs was spherical and uniform. Their mean size was ca. 27, 73, and 92 nm, while the polydispersity index was 0.296, 0.348, and 0.456 for Au present in the solution of the flowing liquid cathode at a concentration of 50, 100, and 200 mg L−1, respectively. The production rate of synthesized Au NPs depended on the precursor concentration with mean values of 2.9, 3.5, and 5.7 mg h−1, respectively.
Highlights
A special attention has been paid to the synthesis of gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) that may be used in medicine (Butle and Baheti 2011), genomics (Larguinho and Baptista 2012), biology (Heddle 2013), cosmetology (Saha et al 2011), and optics (Fischer et al 2012) due to their respective chemical (Giljohann et al 2010), physical (Xia et al 2009), therapeutic (Lan et al 2013), and electronic (Bastus et al 2011) properties
It was found that dc-lAPGD generated between the miniature flow Ar microjet and the flowing liquid cathode is a powerful device enabled to reduce the Au precursor in a continuous flow mode
Mentioned changes in the color of solutions treated by dc-lAPGD pointed out that the Au NPs of different sizes were formed due in these conditions due to plasma-mediated chemical reactions and processes (Sharma et al 2009)
Summary
A special attention has been paid to the synthesis of gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) that may be used in medicine (Butle and Baheti 2011), genomics (Larguinho and Baptista 2012), biology (Heddle 2013), cosmetology (Saha et al 2011), and optics (Fischer et al 2012) due to their respective chemical (Giljohann et al 2010), physical (Xia et al 2009), therapeutic (Lan et al 2013), and electronic (Bastus et al 2011) properties.Usually, for the production of Au nanostructures, the reverse micelles technique (Eastoe et al 2006), sonochemical (Okitsu et al 2005), chemical (Jana et al 2001; Sivaraman et al 2010), and photochemical (Lafon et al 2012) reduction methods were applied. Shirai et al (2014) have investigated the synthesis of Au NPs using a dual atmospheric pressure glow microdischarge system, in which two He microjets were in contact with liquids They found that Au NPs were generated in both discharge zones, i.e., in cathodic and anodic compartments. The effect of selected experimental conditions, including the discharge current, the solution temperature as well as the stirring of the solution, was studied by Huang et al (2014) for microdischarge generated between He microjet and a bulky liquid cathode. These researchers found that investigated parameters affected the size distribution of Au NPs
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