The influence of sonication times on bioactive compounds, antioxidant activity values, and phenolic compounds of immature and mature types linden blossoms

Abstract

The total phenolic contents of immature and ripe linden sonicated at different times were measured between 307.74 (10 min) and 365.87 mgGAE/100 g (30 min) to 364.48 (10 min) and 403.97 mgGAE/100 g (30 min), respectively. In addition, total flavonoid contents of immature and ripe linden sonicated were detected between 938.99 (10 min) and 1236.01 mg/100 g (30 min) to 1200.89 (40 min) and 1483.04 mg/100 g (20 min), respectively. The gallic acid contents of sonicated immature and ripe linden were detected between 11.49 (10 min) 14.70 mg/100 g (40 min) to 6.92 (20 min) and 12.62 mg/100 g (10 min), respectively. While 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid amounts of immature linden sonicated vary between 19.78 (20 min) and 24.33 mg/100 g (30 min), 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid amounts of sonicated-ripe linden were tested between 17.14 (30 min) and 19.62 mg/100 g (20 min). In addition, sonication affected the quantities of phenolic constituents. Practical applications The use of herbal supplements has increased tremendously over the past two decades. The use of herbs has increased due to the lack of side effects compared to synthetics. Linden is rich in phenolic compounds and these compounds. Tilia cordata has sedative, diuretic, and diaphoretic properties in folk medicine. The use of ultrasonic waves is a new processing technology for extraction of foods.