Abstract
In this paper, a comprehensive experimental investigation on the effect of the slag-to-fly ash ratio (hereafter referred to as SL/FA) and sodium silicate modulus on the properties of a 1-3-2 piezoelectric composite was carried out. The influence of the SL/FA ratio on various properties was initially investigated. Compared with other specimens, specimens with SL/FA = 40%:60% had the highest electromechanical coupling coefficient (Kt = 77.67%, Kp = 71%). Therefore, the specimen with SL/FA = 40%:60% was chosen to explore the effect of the sodium silicate modulus. Additionally, the specimen with SL/FA = 40%:60% and a sodium silicate modulus of 1.3 had the best electromechanical conversion efficiency with Kt = 75.68% and Kp = 75.95%. The 1-3-2 alkali-based piezoelectric composite proved to have the characteristics of a low cost, optimal piezoelectric and mechanical properties, higher tunability, and better compatibility with concrete. It is a potential alternative to cement-based piezoelectric composites and may be widely utilized to monitor the health of concrete structures.
Highlights
The building of bridges and highways requires the use of a considerable volume of concrete
Structural health monitoring is mostly accomplished by embedding conventional sensors in concrete structures such as resistance strain gages, optical fibers, and piezoelectric ceramics [3,4,5]
In this paper, an experimental investigation was organized to find out the effect of the SL/FA ratio and sodium silicate modulus on the properties of a 1-3-2 alkali-based piezoelectric composite
Summary
The building of bridges and highways requires the use of a considerable volume of concrete. Li et al employed cement as the matrix phase of a piezoelectric composite, which increased the composite’s compatibility with concrete [9]. In order for the conductive phase to be properly compatible with the composite, the nanoparticles must go through a complicated surface functionalization procedure before they can be used It is obvious from the literature above that existing strategies for improving piezoelectric properties have certain limitations. When cement is used as the matrix material, the piezoelectric composite’s performance is limited by low early strength, high-temperature hydrolysis, high resistivity, and lack of density [20]. In this paper, an experimental investigation was organized to find out the effect of the SL/FA ratio and sodium silicate modulus on the properties of a 1-3-2 alkali-based piezoelectric composite
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