Abstract
Background and Objectives: A growing number of studies correlated higher levels of serum uric acid (UA) with both: lower risk of Parkinson’s Disease (PD) occurrence and slower progression of the disease. Similar conclusions were made where studies correlated UA with atypical Parkinsonisms (AP) progression. A few researchers have studied the issue of the influence of serum UA on the occurrence of non-motor symptoms (NMS) in PD and AP. Our systematic review is the first review completely dedicated to this matter. Materials and Methods: A comprehensive evaluation of the literature was performed to review the relationship between UA and NMS in PD and AP. The systematic review was conducted according to PRISMA Statement guidelines. The following databases were searched starting in April 2021: MEDLINE via PubMed, Embase, and Scopus. During the research, the following filters were used: >2010, articles in English, concerning humans. The study was not registered and received no external funding. Results: Seven articles meeting all inclusion criteria were included in this study. Collectively, data on 1104 patients were analyzed. A correlation between serum UA concentration and a few NMS types has been provided by the analyzed studies. In four papers, sleep disorders and fatigue were related to UA for both advanced and early PD. Other commonly appearing NMS domains were Attention/memory (4 studies), Depression/anxiety (3 studies), Cardiovascular (3 studies), Gastrointestinal (1 study), Perceptual (1 study), and Miscellaneous (1 study). For AP, no significant correlation between UA and worsening of NMS has been found. Conclusions: Based on the analyzed studies, a correlation between serum UA level and the occurrence and worsening of NMS in PD and APs cannot be definitively determined. Large-scale studies with a more diverse patient population and with more accurate methods of NMS assessment in Parkinsonism are needed.
Highlights
Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases with unclear and multifactorial pathogenesis
Moccia et al [16] have proven that serum uric acid (UA) shows a years’ negative correlation with the sum of non-motor symptoms (NMS)-Quest points in both: baseline regression analysis (r2 = 0.148; p = 0.001) and in an adjusted model taking into account age, sex, disease span, Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) part III, Hoehn Yahr scale (HY), and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) as accompanying variables
With application of a model adjusted to age, gender, disease duration, HY, UPDRS part III, and MMSE, a correlation between UA and Attention/Memory (OR = 0.23; p = 0.004)
Summary
Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases with unclear and multifactorial pathogenesis. Recent years have brought attention to biological markers which may become future predictors of the disease One of these markers that are widely discussed in the literature, is the serum uric acid level (UA). A growing number of studies correlated higher levels of serum uric acid (UA) with both: lower risk of Parkinson’s Disease (PD) occurrence and slower progression of the disease. A few researchers have studied the issue of the influence of serum UA on the occurrence of non-motor symptoms (NMS) in PD and AP. A correlation between serum UA concentration and a few NMS types has been provided by the analyzed studies. Conclusions: Based on the analyzed studies, a correlation between serum UA level and the occurrence and worsening of NMS in PD and APs cannot be definitively determined. Large-scale studies with a more diverse patient population and with more accurate methods of NMS assessment in Parkinsonism are needed
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