Abstract
The most important risk factors for heart attack are considered to be: lifestyle, smoking, high-calorie diet rich in animal fats, physiological and biochemical factors, elevated levels of cholesterol - especially LDL cholesterol, elevated concentration of triglycerides, hyperglycemia or diabetes, increased levels of homocysteine, elevated thrombotic factors. The aim of the study was to analyze the influence of selected factors on the risk of myocardial infarction. The study was conducted among patients with diagnosed coronary artery disease who reported to the family doctor for a check. The effect of selected variables: age, sex, duration of coronary artery disease, smoking, and LDL cholesterol on the risk of myocardial infarction was studied. The results were statistically analyzed. It was found that the incidence of myocardial infarction is higher in men than in women, especially of premenopausal age. In the age group 35-44 years, the risk of the disease in men is almost nine times higher than in women. The risk of heart attack increases with age in both men and women. Among smokers heart attacks are observed significantly more frequently, and the risk of heart attack in this group is more than 2-fold higher than in non-smokers. The longer the duration of coronary artery disease, the risk of myocardial infarction increases. In patients with elevated LDL cholesterol the risk of heart attack is more than 3-fold higher than in those with normal levels.
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