The influence of seed-drill choice on crop performance in a semi-arid production region of South Africa

Abstract

A seed-drill should facilitate seed placement in an environment conducive to uniform seedling emergence. In semi-arid rain-fed production regions, low rainfall intensity and erratic rainfall events can result in non-uniform emergence. Evaluation of seed-drills is necessary to supply small grain producers with potential solutions to combat non-uniform seedling emergence. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of three seed-drills on seeding depth, crop emergence, biomass production and yield over the duration of two growing seasons. Barley, canola and wheat were established with three seed-drills, each equipped with a different opener. Seed-drills contained either double disc openers, tine openers, or a combination of both tines and single discs. Crops responded variably to seeding equipment under different climatic conditions. For example, accuracy of seeding depth varied between the three seed-drills utilised. Seed-drills, together with their associated seed placement characteristics, influenced crop emergence. Biomass production was variable over the course of the growing season. Biomass production of crops established with the double disc seed-drill tended to be higher than that of crops established with tine seed-drills. Additional research about adaptations of agronomic practices and seed-drill openers may increase resilience to adverse climatic conditions in semi-arid small grain production regions. Various factors, including soil physical conditions, environmental conditions, economic feasibility and practical applications must be taken into consideration when selecting a seed-drill.