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Abstract
To comprehend the distribution characteristics of the nutrients and the variations in the soil fertility, a total of 23 samples were collected from Nanjishan wetland reserve in the dry season, wet season, and water-recession season. The study area was divided into four areas (A1, A2, A3, and A4) based on the local hydrological conditions, geographical locations, and nutrient load characteristics. The findings showed that the highest concentration of nutrients appeared in A1, followed by A2 due to anthropogenic activities and the sewage discharge along Ganjiang River. Except for the total amounts of nutrients (the total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), and total potassium (TK)), the nutrient concentrations dropped in the wet season and recovered in the water-recession season. A close association between microorganisms and the soil nutrients was observed. The Integrated Fertility Index (IFI) indicated a significant spatio-temporal variability in the soil fertility. The soil quality was higher in the dry season. The values of the IFI displayed a decreasing trend during the growing season (wet season). The single factor standard index method (SFSI) suggested that the whole area had a potential risk of eutrophication, to which the TN could be considered a main contributor.
Highlights
Wetlands play an irreplaceable role in maintaining the balance of ecosystems with the characteristics of abundant diversity and high productivity, as well as ecological and economic benefits
The seven original variables were standardized by curve type related to each index, and, combined with the geographical information system (GIS), the soil fertility spatial and temporal distribution of Nanjishan Wetland National Nature Reserve (Figure 7) was obtained
In Nanjishan Wetland Nature Reserve, similar to many other wetlands, the spatiotemporal characteristics of the soil nutrient variables are essential for understanding the. These areas are sensitive to changes of the total nitrogen (TN) contents, and effects on eutrophication from the TN release from sediments are more likely than others
Summary
Wetlands play an irreplaceable role in maintaining the balance of ecosystems with the characteristics of abundant diversity and high productivity, as well as ecological and economic benefits. Wetland vegetation is considered as an important component to the wetland ecosystem for feeding aquatic animals and degrading contaminants [1,2,3,4]. Previous studies focused on the effect of water level fluctuations on vegetation succession, and this is profound in a typical lake that both takes in and discharges water with seasonal alterations [8,9]. Wetland soil is an important carrier for wetland ecosystems, of which the concentration and distribution of nutrients limits the growth and characteristics of vegetation during the growing season [10]. The concentrations of SOC, TN, and TP had an obvious effect on the weight of the dominant vegetation [12]
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