Abstract
A destruição de habitats, promovida pela extração de areia de leitos de riachos, pode causar a perda de algumas espécies e a alteração na dinâmica das assembleias de peixes. Assim, o presente estudo investigou o efeito da extração de areia sobre as assembleias de peixes em riachos de Campinarana, localizados na região de Cruzeiro do Sul, Acre, entre junho a agosto de 2017 e 2018. Seis riachos foram avaliados, sendo três degradados (pela extração de areia) e três florestados. Riqueza, diversidade de Shannon, equitabilidade e abundância de espécies foram avaliadas. Para verificar diferenças entre esses parâmetros, foi realizado o teste t de Student. NMDS e PERMANOVA foram sumarizadas para avaliar a composição de espécies de peixes. Foram coletadas 60 espécies de peixes com 705 indivíduos. Houve uma diferença significativa entre as áreas com relação à riqueza (t = 11,1; p = 0,0001), à abundância (t = 4,5; p = 0,006) e à diversidade (t = 4,1; p = 0,01). A composição de espécies também variou (Pseudo-F = 3,79; p = 0,01), onde 35% das espécies foram restritas aos ambientes preservados. Assim, sugere-se que a perturbação antrópica nas campinaranas, causou perda das espécies mais sensíveis e especializadas, permitindo o aumento dos indivíduos oportunistas, alterando a organização das assembleias e reduzindo a diversidade local.
Highlights
The Amazon basin has landscapes with white sand formations called campinaranas that cover approximately 7% of the region (DALY; PRANCE, 1989; SILVEIRA, 2003)
The soil drainage of this campinarana vegetation complex restricts the practice of agriculture, and the absence of economic alternatives has resulted in the local population using and degrading natural resources, such a cutting and burning vegetation, the unsustainable extraction of forest resources, and especially the removal of vegetation cover to extract sand, which is a common practice in the region and other parts of Amazonia (FERREIRA et al, 2013)
A total of 284 individuals were collected in streams with riparian vegetation, and the most abundant species in these areas were Hemigrammus sp. (39; 13.3%), Hypopygus lepturus (Hoedeman, 1962) (28; 9.7%) and Gymnorhamphichthys rondoni (22.7 ± 3.2); these streams had the greatest richness (22.7 ± 3.2), diversity (2.77 ± 0.28) and equitability (0.82 ± 0.25) (Table 3)
Summary
The Amazon basin has landscapes with white sand formations called campinaranas that cover approximately 7% of the region (DALY; PRANCE, 1989; SILVEIRA, 2003). The soil drainage of this campinarana vegetation complex restricts the practice of agriculture, and the absence of economic alternatives has resulted in the local population using and degrading natural resources, such a cutting and burning vegetation, the unsustainable extraction of forest resources, and especially the removal of vegetation cover to extract sand, which is a common practice in the region and other parts of Amazonia (FERREIRA et al, 2013) In this fragile environment, where there are undescribed (LÓPEZ-ROJAS et al, 2013), specialist and endemic species (GUILHERME; BORGES, 2011), sand mining associated with inadequate engineering has caused leaching, sedimentation, changes in species composition (RAMALHO et al, 2014) and the death of small streams. These river systems are relatively fragile and depend on riparian vegetation to maintain their biotic integrity (HENRY, 2003)
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