The influence of salinity, diurnal rhythm and daylength on feeding behavior in Meretrix meretrix Linnaeus

Abstract

A nature-simulating culture system was used to explore the influence of salinity, the diurnal cycle and daylength on ingestion rate (IR) and assimilation efficiency (AE) of Meretrix meretrix. The clams used in the experiments were grouped into three sizes: small, with a shell length of 2.70 ± 0.10 cm and a dry fresh weight of 0.35 ± 0.04 g; medium, with a shell length of 4.00 ± 0.05 cm and a dry fresh weight of 1.25 ± 0.05 g; and large, with a shell length of 5.00 ± 0.10 cm and a dry fresh weight of 2.45 ± 0.10 g. The clams in all size groups demonstrated a common response pattern in IR and AE under salinities ranging from 18 to 34 ppt. The clams achieved the greatest IR within the salinity range 27 to 30 ppt. There was a marked reduction in IR outside this range. Of the salinities tested 18 ppt was the harshest stress to the feeding of M. meretrix. Between the salinities 24 to 34 ppt, changes in AE of the clam were the inverse of those observed in IR, suggesting that M. meretrix is able to compensate for the loss of IR by an increase in AE. Although the effect of both salinity and body size of the clam was significant on both IR and AE, salinity had evidently stronger influence than body size. All sizes of clam showed a three-phase diurnal feeding pattern: a high ingestion phase from 00:00 to 08:00, a low ingestion phase from 12:00 to 20:00, and a changing phase between low and high ingestion phases. The IR response to daylength comprised a high and constant feeding phase at daylengths from 0 to 16 h (longer darkness) and a declining and unstable feeding phase as daylength increased from 16 to 24 h (shorter darkness). All sizes of clams demonstrated an inverse adaptation to AE compared with IR, indicating that the clam is able to achieve a stable feeding physiology by compensating for daylength-induced variations in IR by changing AE. The ANOVA analysis also showed that both diurnal cycle and daylength affected IR and AE of the clam very significantly, body size did not, however.