The influence of rigid matrix minerals on organic porosity and pore size in shale reservoirs: Upper Devonian Duvernay Formation, Alberta, Canada

Abstract

Organic porosity is an important component of the pore system in many shale hydrocarbon reservoirs. While much research has been directed towards understanding the development of organic porosity as a function of thermal maturity, relationships between mineralogy and organic porosity have been less extensively investigated. This study illustrates the role of rigid matrix minerals, particularly biogenically-sourced microcrystalline quartz, on organic porosity and pore size evolution.The Upper Devonian Duvernay Formation of western Canada is a siliceous-calcareous self-sourced reservoir with 3.2-3.79 wt. % average total organic carbon (TOC) content in a study area occurring in the volatile oil to dry gas thermal maturity zones. Biogenic silica is widely distributed throughout the matrix as microcrystalline quartz and locally comprises >50 wt. % of the rock. Porosity and pore size data gathered from BIB- and FIB-SEM, helium porosimetry, H1 NMR T2, and MICP indicate that organic porosity and pore size is enhanced when in association with biogenic silica. Biogenic silica forms a rigid siliceous matrix framework that limits compaction of pores and ductile organic matter and clay minerals. Where biogenic silica concentration is low, clay mineral (mica+illite) interparticle micro- and fine mesopores dominate. In these samples detrital quartz and biogenic silica have limited influence on pore size other than to preserve the small fraction of organic macropores. The occurrence of biogenic- and clay-dominated pore systems varies systematically with stratigraphic and lateral variations in lithofacies, and sharp contrasts are observed across sequence boundaries. The observation that mineralogy strongly influences organic pore preservation confirms that studies examining the relationship between thermal maturity and organic porosity must account for mineralogical variations.