The Influence of Reagents on the Shape, Stability, and Toxicity of AgNPs and Their Use to Produce Polymer-AgNPs Composites

Abstract

The aim of this work was to propose a simple method for synthesizing differently shaped AgNPs and to find a suitable stabilizing/capping agent to ensure the non-toxicity of AgNPs. Using a chemical method, by simply changing the volume of reducing agents, we successfully prepared colloids of differently shaped AgNPs (spherical (~10 nm), triangular (~40 nm), rodlike (~30 nm), and a mixture of these shapes). The nanoparticle sizes and shapes affect the solution color. UV-VIS spectroscopy was used to evaluate the colloidal solutions, and transmission electron microscopy was used to analyze the shape and size of the nanoparticles. To create non-toxic and stable AgNPs, it is necessary to modify the surface properties of the nanoparticles; one possibility is to create a biocompatible layer on the nanoparticle surface. We successfully applied a combination of trisodium citrate and polyvinylpyrrolidone, thereby preventing the release of silver ions, which are responsible for the toxic effects of AgNPs. The synthesized nanoparticles show very low, mostly negligible antibiofilm activity against the green algae Chlorella kessleri. AgNPs were used to prepare polymer-AgNP composite thin layers and fibers. It was proved that AgNPs can influence polymer matrix properties.